Structure - the way arguments or information is organised.

Structural devices -help you follow structure of an argument,observe how it is developed ,distinguish between main ideas,supporting ideas and examples.

Recursion,repetition,re-emphasis

return to an earlier point to re-emphasise it,illustrate it in a different manner or show how it is true in a different way.

Development

take a point just made and develop it further or tease out the implications

Illustration,exemplification

provide examples of a point being made

Narrative incursion
use narratives to illustrate a point

Transition
a movement from one point to another

Text types

1. Cause and effect
2. Problem -solution
3. Question-answer
4. Comparison-contrast

To those taking the EALD paper tomorrow.

1. Keep to the time allocated for each section of the paper.

2. After the listening section,do the extended writing section first.

3. Read the question carefully,deconstruct it and make a mindmap/outline

4.Engage your brain before you answer,don't put it into reverse gear.

5.Remember to bring a dictionary.

6.For persons of torpor,the less prepared individual and the temporarily misoriented,
here's the once in a lifetime chance to make categorical inaccuracies ,to mutilate and murder the language especially those who are orthographically challenged.Have Serious Fun!!!

Exercise

There is only one metaphor in each of the following sets of three sentences.

Identify it by underlining it in each case.Explain your choice.

1.He was like a devil.
He was the devil incarnate.
He was evil.


2.Her life was hell.
She led a miserable life.
She felt like she was living in hell.

3. All the world's a stage.
The world is full of actors.
The world is like a stage.

4. He was a great leader.
He was a very tall man.
He was a giant among men.

5. She was a rock of sense.
She was very sensible.
She was like a rock.

Question:How does the media play a pivotal role in cultivating the unwarranted gender stereotyping of females,and what are the repercussions of such manifestation?

In an essay,discuss this issue.The points you make must be supported by examples.



This writer uses the 1-3-1 format and gives a succinct answer with a clear POV.


The world today is manipulated by the invisible hand of the media.By using glossy adverts,it's such an easy task to hypnotise the society to buy their products.
And being women,with their naive quest for eternal beauty,they can easily succumb to the tricks of the media.

"Youth in a jar".That's how most of the advertisements portray their anti-aging products with the promises that it can hide wrinkles,revitalise skin to make it more elastic and rejuvenate any signs of aging.To most of the women,they know that such promises were lies but still they end up buying them,spending hundreds of dollars on cosmetics.


This is reinforced by the stereotypical image of women that is being portrayed by the media.Young models,with sleek legs and fair skin and long,smooth hair.All of this goddess images had set an unattainable goal for all women in order to be accepted by the society,and they made it possible by buying their beauty products.

However,in this twentieth century,most women had come to the realization that outer beauty is not everything.The meaning of beauty had been redefined.It's no longer just thick make up with blushed cheeks or long eyelashes.Women nowadays are more attached to the quest of self peace and happiness which will illuminate their inner beauty,a beauty which is much more treasured by men.

The new definition of beauty had helped women to liberate themselves from being slaves to cosmetic products and it helps to boost the self esteem of many women who were afraid because of their ugliness (This writer doesn't attempt to use euphemisms to hide the truth,so pardon him for his insensitive remark when he should have had used a more politically correct term like their plain beauty).They are fat (horizontally challenged/overweight/out of shape) and had braces on their teeth.But that doesn't mean they aren't happy and contented.Doesn't that matter most after all?


( Yup,you've guessed it right,the writer is a male architecture student who believes that beauty is in the eyes of the beholder)